Kev piav qhia ntawm forging, forging thiab txias forging?

Forging yog ib txoj kev ua haujlwm uas siv cov tshuab forging los ua kom lub zog ntawm cov hlau dawb paug los tsim cov yas deformation, thiaj li tau txais forgings nrog qee yam khoom siv, qee yam duab thiab qhov loj me. Forging thiab stamping belongs rau cov xwm txheej ntawm cov yas ua, sib sau ua ke hu ua forging. Forging yog ib txoj hauv kev tsim khoom hauv kev tsim khoom.

Forging tuaj yeem tshem tawm raws li cam khwb cia porosity thiab vuam qhov ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov khoom ntawm forgings feem ntau zoo dua li cov castings ntawm tib cov khoom. Rau qhov tseem ceeb nrog kev thauj khoom siab thiab kev ua haujlwm hnyav hauv cov tshuab, forgings feem ntau yog siv, tshwj tsis yog cov dov daim hlau, profiles lossis weldments nrog cov duab yooj yim. Forging tuaj yeem muab faib ua txias forging thiab kub forging raws li qhov kub ntawm qhov khoob thaum ua haujlwm. Txias forging yog feem ntau ua tiav nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab kub forging yog ua tiav ntawm ib tug recrystallization kub siab tshaj cov dawb paug hlau. Qee lub sij hawm, lub forging thaum nws yog rhuab tab sis qhov kub tsis tshaj qhov recrystallization kub yog hu ua sov forging. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev faib tawm no tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke hauv kev tsim khoom. Lub recrystallization kub ntawm steel yog hais txog 460 degree, tab sis 800 degree feem ntau yog siv raws li kev faib kab, thiab kub forging yog siab tshaj 800 degree; Qhov kub ntawm 300 degree thiab 800 degree yog hu ua sov forging lossis semi kub forging. Forging tuaj yeem muab faib ua dawb forging, tuag forging, txias taub hau, radial forging, extrusion, sib sau dov, yob forging, dov thiab lwm yam. Lub deformation ntawm qhov dawb paug nyob rau hauv siab yog yeej tsis txwv los ntawm lwm yam kev txwv, uas yog hu ua dawb forging, kuj hu ua qhib forging; Qhov dawb paug deformation ntawm lwm txoj kev forging yog txwv los ntawm kev tuag, uas yog hu ua kaw hom forging.

Cov cuab yeej tsim xws li kev sib sau ua ke, yob forging thiab dov muaj cov lus sib txawv nrog cov khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob Cov ntaub ntawv forging feem ntau yog carbon steel thiab alloy steel nrog ntau yam khoom, ua raws li txhuas, magnesium, tooj liab, titanium thiab lawv cov alloys. Thawj lub xeev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li tuav, ingots, hlau hmoov thiab kua hlau. Feem ntau, me me thiab nruab nrab forgings siv puag ncig lossis square tuav ua qhov khoob. Cov qauv nplej thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm lub bar yog ib yam thiab zoo, cov duab thiab qhov loj me yog qhov tseeb, thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw yog qhov zoo, uas yooj yim rau kev tsim khoom loj.

Ntev npaum li cov cua kub thiab deformation tej yam kev mob yog tsim nyog tswj, forgings nrog kev ua tau zoo heev tuaj yeem forged yam tsis muaj forging loj deformation. Ingots tsuas yog siv rau forgings loj. Lub ingot yog ib tug cam khwb cia qauv nrog loj columnar crystals thiab xoob chaw. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm cov yas loj deformation, lub columnar muaju yuav tsum tau tawg mus rau hauv cov nplej zoo thiab compacted loosely thiaj li yuav tau txais cov qauv hlau zoo thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Cov hmoov hlau metallurgy preform tsim los ntawm nias thiab tua tuaj yeem ua hmoov forging los ntawm non flash tuag forging hauv lub xeev kub. Cov hmoov forging yog ze rau qhov ceev ntawm kev tuag forgings, muaj cov cuab yeej zoo thiab siab precision, thiab tuaj yeem txo qhov kev txiav tom qab. Cov qauv sab hauv ntawm hmoov forging yog ib yam tsis muaj kev sib cais. Nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov iav me me thiab lwm yam khoom siv.

Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm cov hmoov yog ntau dua li ntawm cov khoom siv zoo tib yam, thiab nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev tsim khoom raug txwv. Los ntawm kev siv lub siab zoo li qub rau cov kua hlau nchuav rau hauv qhov tuag bore kom nws solidify, crystallize, ntws, yas deformation thiab daim ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm siab, tuag forgings uas yuav tsum tau cov duab thiab cov khoom yuav tau. Liquid hlau tuag forging yog ib txoj kev tsim ntawm tuag casting thiab tuag forging, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau complex nyias-walled qhov chaw uas nyuaj rau tsim los ntawm kev tuag forging. Cov txheej txheem forging sib txawv muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv, cov txheej txheem ntws ntawm kub tuag forging yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws. Qhov kev txiav txim dav dav yog: blanking ntawm forging dawb paug; Cua sov ntawm forging Tshuag; Yob forging dawb paug npaj; Tuag forging; Trimming; Kev tshuaj xyuas nruab nrab los tshuaj xyuas qhov loj thiab qhov chaw tsis xws luag ntawm forgings; Kev kho cua sov ntawm forgings kom tshem tawm forging kev nyuaj siab thiab txhim kho hlau txiav kev ua tau zoo; Kev tu, feem ntau yog tshem tawm cov nplai oxide nto; Kev kho; Kev tshuaj xyuas: feem ntau, forgings yuav tsum tau kuaj pom thiab hardness, thiab tseem ceeb forgings yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, txhua yam khoom, residual stress thiab lwm yam kev soj ntsuam thiab nondestructive kuaj. Forging yog lub npe nrov ntawm forging thiab stamping. Nws yog txoj kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm uas siv lub taub hau rauj, thaiv qhov thaiv, xuas nrig ntaus lossis tuag ntawm cov tshuab forging kom siv lub siab ntawm qhov khoob los tsim cov yas deformation, thiaj li yuav tau txais cov khoom nrog cov duab thiab qhov loj me.

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem forging, tag nrho cov billet muaj pom tseeb yas deformation thiab ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov yas ntws; Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem stamping, qhov khoob yog tsim los ntawm kev hloov qhov chaw ntawm txhua qhov chaw, thiab tsis muaj qhov loj ntawm cov yas ntws hauv nws. Forging feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom hlau, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev ua qee yam tsis yog hlau, xws li engineering plastics, roj hmab, ceramic billets, cib billets thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw. Rolling thiab kos duab nyob rau hauv forging thiab metallurgical kev lag luam belongs rau cov yas ua, los yog siab ua, tab sis forging yog tsuas yog siv los tsim cov hlau qhov chaw, thaum dov thiab kos duab yog tsuas yog siv los tsim cov khoom hlau xws li phaj, sawb, yeeb nkab, profile thiab hlau. rod. Thaum kawg ntawm lub hnub nyoog Neolithic, tib neeg tau pib rauj ntuj liab tooj liab los ua cov khoom dai thiab khoom siv. Tuam Tshoj tau siv tshuab txias forging los ua cov cuab yeej rau ntau tshaj 2000 BC. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv tooj liab liab tau pom los ntawm Qijia kab lis kev cai chaw ntawm huangniangtai hauv Wuwei, xeev Gansu muaj cov cim rauj. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Shang Dynasty, meteorite hlau tau siv los ua riam phom, thiab cov txheej txheem cua sov forging tau saws. Lub thaiv smelting wrought hlau tshwm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lig thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg yog tsim los ntawm rov ua cua sov thiab forging rau extrude oxide inclusions. Thaum xub thawj, tib neeg forged los ntawm viav vias rauj. Tom qab ntawd, tib neeg rub cov hlua thiab rub rub kom nqa lub rauj hnyav thiab tom qab ntawd poob ywj siab los tsim qhov khoob. Tom qab xyoo pua 14th, tsiaj lub zog thiab hydraulic poob rauj forging tshwm sim. Xyoo 1842, Naismith ntawm Askiv tau ua thawj lub zog rauj, ua rau forging nkag mus rau lub sijhawm siv lub zog. Tom qab ntawd, forging hydraulic xovxwm, lub cev muaj zog-tsav splint rauj, cua forging rauj thiab tshuab xovxwm tshwm ib tom qab. Splint rauj yog thawj zaug siv nyob rau hauv American Civil War (1861 ~ 1865) kom tuag forge cov khoom ntawm riam phom. Tom qab ntawd chav tuag forging rauj tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Europe, thiab cov txheej txheem tuag forging tau maj mam nrov. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuab forging niaj hnub tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo, nrog rau loj zus tau tej cov tsheb, kub tuag forging tsim sai heev thiab los ua lub ntsiab forging txheej txheem. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, kub tuag forging xovxwm, ca forging tshuab thiab anvil tsawg forging rauj maj mam hloov lub zoo tib yam forging rauj, txhim kho productivity thiab txo kev co thiab suab nrov. Nrog rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem forging tshiab xws li tsawg dua thiab tsis muaj oxidation cua sov tshuab, high-precision thiab ntev-lub neej tuag, kub extrusion thiab sib sau dov, nrog rau forging tswv, manipulators thiab tsis siv neeg forging ntau lawm kab, efficiency thiab economic nyhuv ntawm forging ntau lawm tau zoo tsis tu ncua. Txias forging precedes kub forging. Thaum ntxov liab tooj liab, kub, nyiaj nplooj ntawv thiab npib tau txias forged. Daim ntawv thov txias forging nyob rau hauv mechanical manufacturing tau nrov nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th.

Lub taub hau txias, txias extrusion, radial forging thiab viav vias dov tau tsim ib qho tom qab, maj mam tsim cov txheej txheem forging zoo uas tuaj yeem tsim qhov precision yam tsis muaj kev txiav. Thaum ntxov stamping tsuas yog siv cov cuab yeej yooj yim xws li duav, txiab, xuas nrig ntaus, rauj thiab lub tog raj kheej los ua cov phaj hlau (tsuas yog tooj liab lossis tooj liab alloy phaj) los ntawm kev txiav, xuas nrig ntaus, chiseling thiab khob, thiaj li tsim cov twj paj nruag thiab cov twj paj nruag xws li gongs, cymbals thiab cymbals. Nrog kev loj hlob ntawm nruab nrab thiab tuab phaj ntau lawm thiab kev txhim kho ntawm stamping hydraulic xovxwm thiab mechanical xovxwm, stamping processing kuj pib mechanized nyob rau hauv nruab nrab -19th caug xyoo. Xyoo 1905, Tebchaws Meskas tau pib tsim cov coils ntawm kub nruam dov nqaim sawb hlau, xyoo 1926 pib tsim cov sawb dav hlau, thiab tom qab ntawd txias nruam rolling strip steel tshwm.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov zis ntawm phaj thiab sawb yog nce, qhov zoo yog txhim kho thiab tus nqi txo. Ua ke nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev tsim cov nkoj, tsheb ciav hlau, boilers, ntim, tsheb thiab cov kaus poom, stamping tau dhau los ua ib qho kev siv ntau tshaj plaws. Forging feem ntau yog cais raws li kev tsim hom thiab deformation kub. Raws li txoj kev tsim, forging tuaj yeem muab faib ua forging thiab stamping; Raws li qhov kub deformation, forging tuaj yeem muab faib ua kub forging, txias forging, sov forging thiab isothermal forging. Kub forging yog forging saum lub recrystallization kub ntawm hlau. Ua kom qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem txhim kho cov yas ntawm cov hlau, txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm lub workpiece thiab ua rau nws tsis yooj yim rau tawg. Kub kub kuj tseem tuaj yeem txo qhov deformation tsis kam ntawm hlau thiab tonnage ntawm forging machinery. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau cov txheej txheem kub forging, tsis zoo workpiece raug thiab ntxhib nto, thiab cov forgings yog nquag oxidation, decarburization thiab hlawv. Txias forging yog forging uas yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tshaj qhov kub ntawm cov hlau recrystallization. Feem ntau, qhov txias forging feem ntau yog hais txog forging ntawm chav tsev kub, thiab forging ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj hauv chav tsev kub tab sis tsis siab tshaj qhov kub ntawm recrystallization yog hu ua sov forging. Kub forging muaj siab precision, du nto thiab me ntsis deformation kuj.

Lub workpiece tsim los ntawm txias forging ntawm chav tsev kub muaj cov duab siab thiab qhov tseeb qhov tseeb, du nto thiab ob peb txheej txheem, uas yooj yim rau kev tsim khoom. Ntau qhov txias forging thiab stamping qhov chaw tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha los ua cov khoom lossis cov khoom tsis muaj kev txiav. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sij hawm txias forging, vim cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau, nws yooj yim tawg thaum lub sij hawm deformation, thiab deformation kuj yog loj, yog li loj tonnage forging machinery xav tau. Isothermal forging yog ua kom qhov kub thiab txias tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim. Isothermal forging yog ua kom siv tag nrho cov yas siab ntawm qee cov hlau ntawm tib qhov kub, lossis kom tau txais cov microstructure tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom. Isothermal forging xav tau kom cov tuag thiab dawb paug ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas yuav tsum tau them nqi siab. Nws tsuas yog siv rau cov txheej txheem forging tshwj xeeb, xws li superplastic forming. Forging tuaj yeem hloov cov qauv hlau thiab txhim kho cov khoom hlau. Tom qab lub ingot yog kub forged, tus thawj li cam khwb cia porosity, porosity thiab micro tawg yog compacted los yog welded; Tus thawj dendritic siv lead ua tawg, ua rau cov nplej finer; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus thawj carbide cais kev faib thiab kev faib tsis sib xws tau hloov pauv kom cov qauv sib txawv, yog li tau txais kev zam txim, zoo, zoo siv tau zoo thiab ntseeg tau. Tom qab kub forging deformation, cov hlau yog fibrous qauv; Tom qab txias forging deformation, cov hlau muaju yog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim. Forging yog ua kom cov hlau ntws plastically los ua cov khoom ua haujlwm nrog cov duab xav tau. Tom qab cov yas ntws ntawm cov hlau yog tsim los ntawm kev quab yuam sab nraud, qhov ntim tseem tsis hloov, thiab cov hlau ib txwm ntws mus rau qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis kam. Hauv kev tsim khoom, cov duab ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm feem ntau tswj tau raws li cov cai no kom paub txog kev ntxhov siab, kos duab, reaming, khoov, sib sib zog nqus nqus thiab lwm yam deformation. Qhov loj ntawm forged workpiece yog qhov tseeb, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub koom haum ntawm kev tsim khoom loj. Tuag forging, extrusion, stamping thiab lwm yam kev siv, qhov loj ntawm tuag forming yog qhov tseeb thiab ruaj khov. High efficiency forging machinery thiab tsis siv neeg forging ntau lawm kab tuaj yeem siv los npaj kev tsim khoom loj lossis ntau lawm. Cov txheej txheem ntawm forging muaj xws li blanking, cua sov thiab pretreatment ntawm forging dawb paug ua ntej sib sau; Kev tshuaj xyuas, calibration thiab tom qab kev kho cua sov ntawm workpiece. Feem ntau forging tshuab suav nrog forging rauj, hydraulic xovxwm thiab mechanical press. Forging rauj muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj, uas yog qhov zoo rau cov hlau yas ntws, tab sis nws yuav tsim kev co; Qhov zoo li qub forging ntawm hydraulic xovxwm yog qhov tsim nyog rau forging los ntawm cov hlau thiab txhim kho lub koom haum. Kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, tab sis cov khoom tsim tau qis; Lub stroke ntawm mechanical xovxwm yog tsau, uas yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub mechanization thiab automation. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov txheej txheem forging yuav txhim kho nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho lub sab hauv zoo ntawm forging qhov chaw, tsim precision forging thiab precision stamping tshuab, tsim forging cov cuab yeej thiab forging ntau lawm kab nrog ntau dua productivity thiab automation, txhim kho saj zawg zog forging txoj kev, tsim tshiab forging cov ntaub ntawv thiab forging txheej txheem. Kev txhim kho sab hauv zoo ntawm forged qhov chaw feem ntau yog los txhim kho lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab (lub zog, plasticity, toughness, qaug zog) thiab kev ntseeg tau. Qhov no yuav tsum tau siv zoo dua ntawm cov hlau yas deformation txoj kev xav; Siv cov khoom siv nrog zoo zoo sab hauv; Ua kom raug ua ntej forging cua sov thiab forging kev kho cua sov; Ntau nruj thiab dav kev sim tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom forged. Tsawg dua thiab tsis muaj kev txiav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev ntsuas thiab kev taw qhia rau kev lag luam machinery los txhim kho cov khoom siv, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab txo kev siv hluav taws xob. Tsawg forging Tshuag, tsis muaj oxidation cua sov, thiab kev tsim cov khoom siv tuag thiab kev kho deg nrog cov tawv tawv siab, hnav tsis kam thiab lub neej ntev.